Garret Augustus Morgan was an inventor, businessman, and community leader who lived from 1877 to 1963. Born in Paris, Kentucky, he moved to Cleveland, Ohio as a young man and became one of the most notable African American inventors of his time.

Amos T. Hall was a prominent figure in the civil rights movement and a leader in the Masonic community. Throughout his life, Hall made significant contributions to both causes, leaving a lasting impact on the world. He was a champion of equality and justice, fighting for the rights of all people and working to create a better future for generations to come.

Richard Pryor was a legendary American comedian, actor, and writer who left an indelible mark on the world of entertainment. He was born in Peoria, Illinois, on December 1, 1940, and grew up in a brothel run by his grandmother. Despite the challenges he faced during his childhood, Pryor found solace in making people laugh and developed a talent for comedy. Over the course of his career, he became one of the most influential comedians of all time and won numerous awards for his work.

Martin Delany was a physician, journalist, abolitionist, and one of the most prominent African American activists of the 19th century. He was born in 1812 in Virginia and spent much of his life advocating for the rights of African Americans and working towards their liberation from slavery. In addition to his activism, Delany was also a veteran of the Civil War and was the first African American to attain the rank of Major in the United States Army.

James Armistead Lafayette was born into slavery in Virginia in the late 18th century. Not much is known about his early life, but it is believed that he was owned by William Armistead.

Prince Hall Freemasonry is a fraternal organization that traces its origins back to African American communities in colonial America. The organization was named after Prince Hall, a former slave who is credited with founding the first African American

Medgar Evers was a prominent Civil Rights activist who played a vital role in the American Civil Rights Movement of the mid-20th century. Born on July 2, 1925, in Decatur, Mississippi, Evers was the first of five children born to Jesse and James Evers.

Booker T. Washington was born into slavery in Virginia in 1856. After the Civil War ended and slavery was abolished, Washington worked as a manual laborer and attended school at the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. He eventually became a teacher and then the first leader of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Alabama, which became known as Tuskegee University.

How many men have fundamentally changed our country? How many found our society operating a certain way when they were born, and completely changed that during their lifetimes? And how many did this by their own individual actions, and in the most peaceful, legal manner? Isn’t that the Masonic way to help society progress?

This paper focuses on the presence of Freemasonry in India during the East India Company (EIC) era, although the final part extends beyond 1857. Firstly, the mechanisms by which Freemasonry established itself in India are discussed,

THE CONSTITUTIONS OF THE

FREE-MASONS. CONTAINING THE

History, Charges, Regulations, etc., OF THAT

MOST ANCIENT AND RIGHT WORSHIPFUL

FRATERNITY.

Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roth Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette, Marquis de Lafayette stands apart and alone. His spirit was unique, and his career without parallel. Although a man of another race and land, his life is a part of the heroic legend of our country and our Craft. His story is more like fiction than fact. He was the last of the old knights who, through all the foulness and folly of his time, kept a name without stain.

The opinions presented in this paper are strictly those of the author and do not necessarily represent the opinions of the Master and Wardens of the A. Douglas Smith Jr., Lodge of Research #1949 or the official views of the Grand Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of Virginia.

Liberté chérie (French for "Cherished Liberty") was a Masonic Lodge founded in 1943 by Belgian Resistance Fighters and other political prisoners at Esterwegen concentration camp.

The eighteeneth century was a period which witnessed the development of English Freemasonry as a social phe- nomenon, with the society undrergoing constant transitions, modernisations and rebellions.

Members of the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia may have probably heard of the

legends of Christian Rosencreutz who, in the fifteenth century, supposedly discovered eso- teric knowledge on a pilgrimage to the East